Education and Society Essay Example for Free

Instruction and Society Essay Instruction in the United States has become a vital piece of each american life. Finishing secondary school opens entryways for singular accomplishment and is straightforwardly connected to financial achievement. Be that as it may, similarly critical to the fruition of secondary school is a rich and positive involvement with the learning procedure. Instructors are gifted in making extraordinary learning encounters and to improving the educational plan, while guardians are significantly progressively persuasive. Guardians are the positive impact for some youngsters who might somehow be radically falling behind, coming up short, or in any event, dropping out of school. The child’s family foundation, joined with went down qualities and encounters will decide the understudies secondary school instruction. The job of innovation in youth training is a successful instrument for understudies, so the absence of innovation in a child’s childhood can influence their instructive profession. For instance, understudies who don't start utilizing different sorts of innovation from kindergarten can fall behind. Studies found that understudies who are less inclined to get to innovation at home can be at a scholastic impediment. This shows how imperative innovation is in a childs training, anyway there is a test in making it accessible to everybody. Especially low-pay or minority understudies could experience difficulty in prevailing in an innovation immersed condition. A few guardians dont guardians dont comprehend the significance of Internet access, since in their age, the Internet was an extravagance, not a need. Be that as it may, the greater issue is by all accounts the hole between Whites who approach the Internet and minorities. Studies found that â€Å"56% of Latino grown-ups and 60% of African American can utilize the Internet,compared to 71% of White grown-ups. A similar association finds that while 42% of white families and 41% of Latino 2 families 666subscribe to broadband access,only 31% of African American family units have such access. Regardless of whether lower pay schools PC labs understudies need to construct their aptitudes at home also. Youth perusing for kids can carry a positive result to a child’s life. What a kid realizes in their initial years are things that will keep on helping them along in their future in school and in reality. At the point when a youngster is acquainted with youth training, they can get numerous advantages from it. Advantages remember figuring out how to communicate for new circumstances, utilize basic reasoning and fundamental discourse aptitudes before kindergarten. As per Maryanne Wolf, â€Å"In most oppressed networks, no children’s books were found in homes; in the low come to center pay network there were, on normal three books; and in the well-off network there were around 200. † Parents need to make a climate where perusing happens so as to show the significance of perusing, yet low-pay families are falling behind. Guardians from well-off networks can access understanding the significance of perusing while guardians from lower pay don’t have the assets. Its indistinct why low pay families dont have the same number of books in the home, however the issue may be ascribed to a poor school library, absence of comprehension for the significance of books, or the conspicuous issue with low money related assets to purchase books. Guardians from various language foundation and guardians who arent educated in English, will probably bring up kids who need to play make up for lost time once they enter kindergarten. Perusing can’t simply occur over night it should be created after some time. In the event that books are restricted, conversations and considerations arent stood up boisterous, and this can bring about issues. Catherine snow of Harvard and her associates found that notwithstanding education materials,one of the significant supporters of later perusing was essentially the measure of time for â€Å"talk around dinner† The 3 significance of basically being conversed with, read to, and tuned in to is the thing that quite a bit of early advancement is about†. In a low-salary, occupied and dedicated guardians might not have the opportunity to have these straightforward talks, or even the budgetary assets to buy books for there youngsters. These are two significant elements for a solid instructive childhood that some low-salary family guardians can not bear. Despite the fact that financial status and the entrance to innovation are key a family’s social and social foundations have an equivalent impact on an understudy. A youngster is naturally drawn toward the foundation of their folks and social settings to take in what is regarded from option to wrong. As per David Brooks â€Å"Educated guardians not just go down assets to their kids, they go down desires, propensities, information and psychological capacities. Really soon you end up with an innate meritocratic class that strengthens itself age after generation†. David Brooks is stating that despite the fact that the United States has all inclusive access to advanced education, for example, junior college however a few understudies may not be â€Å"physiologically arranged and socially arranged for college†. Youngsters are arriving at their folks desires and are simply proceeding with a cycle. In the event that guardians arent indicating their help in an instructive and persuasive sense, kids won’t want to satisfy advanced education. An opportunity to impart estimations of training isn't the point at which a youngster turns into a senior in secondary school; rather an opportunity to begin talking about instructive qualities to a kid, is the beginning of school, preschool. Instruction gives an individual their way to a fruitful future, however just through difficult work, devotion and assurance is this attainable. Instruction requires a parent to form a youngster into a person that is fit for contributing successfully to society. The drive to learn must be stimulated in kids and began at an early age.

Chinese Society Essay Example For Students

Chinese Society Essay China PaperCHINESE SOCIETYEven since the emotional post-1949 changes in China in regards to the job of ladies, China has stayed paternalistic in its perspectives and socialreality. The land change, which was expected to make a more balancedeconomic power in marriage, was the start of legislative endeavors topacify ladies, with no genuine social impact. Socialist China expected to address the lady question. Since ladies needed greater fairness, and equity is given out from the hands of those in power,capitalism was inspected. The monetary issues of subdued Chinese womenwere concentrated on the Land Act and the Marriage Act of 1950. The Land reformsucceeded in dispensing with the all-encompassing familys material premise and hence,its potential for acting like a political danger to the system. Little plotswere redistributed to every relative paying little mind to age or sex; and landreform arrangements specified that property would be similarly isolated in thecase of separation. In any case, their spouses successfully controlled landallotted to ladies. Male centric familial connections in the Confuciantradition appeared to stay flawless. The Marriage Law of 1950 authorized marriage, decried patriarchalauthority in the family unit and conceded both genders equivalent rights to record fordivorce. The second and most noticeable component of the system wasintegrating ladies into financial turn of events. Womens business was viewedas an essential for liberation from middle class structures as encapsulated inthe man centric family. Moreover, at the center of the CCPs procedure forpolitical union was financial remaking and rustic turn of events. The full interest of ladies was not just an ideological basic buta down to earth one. Third, the All-China Womens Federation (W.F.) wasestablished by the CCP to prepare ladies for monetary advancement andsocial change. Ladies succeeded in picking up materialisticly. Nonetheless, culture directs whether these legislative endeavors can besuccessful and China has demonstrated that they were just panaceas for the realissue. Materialistic methodologies couldn't shadow the issue of the view inChinese society of the job of ladies. In the battle for correspondence, Chinadid not go to the ladies to see what they accepted as the most effectiveanswer to the issue. The paternalistic forces gave ladies what they thoughtthey required for an equalizer, not understanding the need forself-assertion and freedom. The issue the ladies revitalized under was that men were noting the womanquestion. Womens associations were not permitted their voice, which becamean amusing and disappointing support to the terrible condition of ladies inChina. The One-Family, One-Child approach propelled in 1979 has turned reproductioninto a territory of direct state mediation. The new system under Deng madethe neo-Malthusian perception that the monetary additions from change werebarely adequate to oblige a populace of one billion, given thenatural populace development pace of 1.26 percent, significantly less give a basefor progressed mechanical turn of events. The One-Family, One-Child campaignshave consequently focused on ladies to confine their childbearing as a patrioticduty. The family arranging arrangement is actualized by nearby units of the W.F.,barefoot specialists and wellbeing laborers who are for the most part ladies. Every family isvisited independently by individuals from the neighborhood family arranging council. After the principal kid, ladies are granted a one-kid endorsement thatentitles them to various benefits. Standard guidelines concerningthe kind of contraception technique utilized require IUDs following one child,sterilization after the subsequent one and premature birth for unapproved pregnancies. The arrangement lays on a coercive arrangement of approvals and prizes. Economicsanctions include: installment of an overabundance kid demand as pay to thestate for the expense of another youngster to the nation; decrease in thefamilys grain apportion (or more significant expenses) for creating an overflow child;limitations on extra land for private plots and the privilege tocollective grain in the midst of flood and dry spell; and ineligibility forpromotion for a long time, downgrade, or decrease in compensation (Anders,52). .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .postImageUrl , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:visited , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:active { border:0!important; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:active , .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22 b884a74b5e21967b5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud4cb97e01cfce22b884a74b5e21967b5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The House On Mango Street EssayMoreover, the culpable couple needs to endure all costs for clinical careand instruction of abundance kids, and additional kids have the lowestpriority in admission to kindergarten, school and clinical organizations. Conversely, one-kid families are qualified for some benefits includingmonthly or yearly money endowments for wellbeing or government assistance until the childreaches fourteen years old; and extra private plots from thecommune. Single kids are qualified with the expectation of complimentary training, wellbeing services,and need in admission to nurseries, schools and medical clinics. Parentsreceive an extra endowment to their mature age annuity (Croll,89). The reason for the issue is amusing once more. Populace development is generallythe consequence of a well working society. Improved medication and nutritionhas continued a higher future. Inward harmony in China has alsocontributed to the people living longer. Since Communism lays on thedoling out of wares and advantages dependent on the number in a household,the structure of the administration itself energized populace development. The rustic resurgence created the normal impact of having more youngsters tohelp with the work and produce more. Absence of room in Urban regions inducedpressure on couples not to have more kids. A fantastic trade off wasnever came to between the two relieving elements of urban and country familyneeds. Hence, an inadequate activity was executed. Because of the inadequacy of the law, consistence turned into a problem,especially in the rustic zones. Ladies were looked to for the arrangement tothe issue. Constrained sanitization and premature births were turning out to be commonplacein the locales where weight was put on the authorities to make a move. Dangers of savagery and the loss of advantages of a family were gorilla tacticsused on the wrongdoers of rebelliousness. The confidence of Chinese ladies and young ladies was everything except squashed with beinglooked at as useless, since young men were profoundly esteemed in single familyhomes. Young ladies were to be for the utilization of others. In endeavors to spare money,girls were avoided school and given modest residential work. It is evident to see the social fight that ladies in China have beforethem. The requests of provincial farming work sabotage the one-youngster lawand make strife on numerous levels in both country and urban China. While it is anything but difficult to dwell on the abuse of ladies in China, one must lookto the amazing steps that a Communist country had the option to take in thelast 50 years. An unmatched assurance rested in the Communists goalfor addressing the lady question. The steps that were takeneconomically have added to the improvement of numerous Chinese ladies. Socialist Chinas aims were to give ladies economicequalization which shook the establishment of Chinese society. Themale-commanded family was being tested to perceive the legitimateother half. Recollecting that young ladies were viewed as futile, brings tolight the genuine steps that have propelled Chinese society in the structure oflegal acknowledgment. The intra-familial relations have not developed along the lines ofrecognition of the independence and realness of ladies. For example,the brutal act of foot official, which rendered a lady feeble tobe a monetary giver. Furthermore, even past that, the wind in idealizingsomething so disparaging to ladies exhibited that China was not prepared torelease their social bonds on ladies. Organized relationships offered nothingfor ladies in as

Admission Traffic Lights - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Admission Traffic Lights - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Admission Traffic Lights I am not sure what this says about me, but I think traffic lights are awesome. Maybe I just played Red Light/Green Light a little too much as a kid. But traffic lights bring order to what could be chaos, give people subtle and not so subtle alerts about what to do, and overall they help everyone get to where they want to go. To truly appreciate traffic lights, all you have to do is drive up to one that is not working. Nothing is worse that having to deal with the flashing red light, and the fear that comes from not knowing if everyone else actually understands what to do in this situation. Because of my love of traffic signals, here are a few Admission related traffic light suggestions to help survive the admission process without any crashes, blaring of horns or polite/impolite hand gestures. Green Light   Apply Earlier than the listed Deadline If you are going to the airport, you always want to leave early enough to get you to the gate an hour before the plan departs. You want to leave plenty of time to deal with traffic (and malfunctioning lights), finding a parking space, a long line at security, or any other possible problem. I suggest you set a date a week prior to the actual application deadline as your unofficial deadline for submitting your application. If you are applying to UGA Early Action (deadline of 10/15), a personal deadline of 10/6 to submit your application would be good (Sundays being by far the most popular day to submit an app). If you need to take until 11:59 pm EST on 10/15, that is fine, as we will treat your file the same as any other applicant, but you add extra stress to everyone by waiting until the last minute. Go ahead and start your essays We receive great essays, we receive average essays, and then we receive essays that are done at the last second. When an essay starts with the words Im sorry, but I didnt have time to finish this essay, we have issues. This is not going to fly with a UGA faculty member in a students first English class, so its not going to fly with us. Even if you feel your first draft is average, at least start writing it out. Ive done over 600 blog posts, and each one started out rough. Send in the Test Scores We superscore SAT and ACT scores, and only use the best subscores, so there is no reason not to go ahead and send them in. Just do it! And if stronger scores come in later (within the deadline), we will add them to your file and use them instead. The worst calls we have are with students who forgot to send in materials on time. Yellow Light Slow Down with the Recommendations I dont mean wait until the last minute to ask your teachers/counselor/boss to send in a recommendation, but rather think first about who you are going to ask to write a letter of recommendation. Does this person know you well, or just your family? Can this person give us insight as to what you are like in the classroom or in the community, or is this just one more letter to add to the stack? Dont ask someone for a recommendation just to make your application thicker. We suggest one teacher recommendation and one community recommendation at the most. Parents, Slow down on the Application questions The college admissions process can be stressful for the entire family, but there are ways to de-stress the process. We suggest you have a one 30-45 minute family conversation a week (choose a set day and time) to talk about the college admission process, and then let it go for the rest of the week. Dont bring up deadlines during the car ride to soccer practice, or over family dinner every other night, at least not if you want progress. Put the meeting on the calendar, let everyone get prepared, and then get the questions out of the way for the rest of the week. Slow down on buying X college gear We always get a few parents calling about three days in advance of our decision release dates asking if they can have some insight on a decision so they can have time to buy UGA shirts, hats, balloons or red black cakes. One, we dont release decisions early, even if it means our bookstore would be happy. Two, the applicant pool changes so much every year that it is too hard for anyone to guess about a specific decision. If a student is admitted, jump around, shout, dance and celebrate, and know you can still but UGA gear the next day. Red Light Dont get pulled into admissions small talk There are certain things you can talk about at get-togethers, such as food, books, movies, and if UGA is going to make it to the college football playoff game. As well, there are certain topics that are best left out of the discussion (I wont name them, but you know what they are). Add college admissions to the second group. Uncle Bob might be the most fanatical alumnus of college X, but probably has no working knowledge of their admissions process. Just ask him about the benefits of cooking on a charcoal vs gas grill and he will be good to go for 30 minutes or more. Dont get sucked into chance me admission threads Every year, there are certain websites where students will ask for the collective audience to guess about their chances for admission at X, and what they need to do to improve their odds. You are much better off learning about admissions from talking with the people at college fairs, on campus event visits, HS visits or through their on their social media sites about what the admission office values in their review process. Certain sites are great for rating restaurants, hotels and Uber drivers , but admissions is a very different world altogether. Dont do things because you think it looks good on an application There are no secret boxes to check off to insure you will be admitted, or certain clubs or activities that are better than others in admissions. Playing the tuba is not going to give you a leg up in the process, no matter what your neighbor says. We are looking at what you enjoy, what your interests are, and your overall application within the context of your individual situation. Study hard, challenge yourself, find your interests, step outside your comfort zone, and enjoy life. Besides, tubas are heavy and tough to play. Go Dawgs, and good luck in the admissions process!

The Relationship Between Police Stops, Perceptions Of Bias

suggest
more likely to experience multiple police stops and searches. However, perceptions of bias may also contribute to how black people interpret their future encounters with the police. Thus, while white people usually view the police stops they experience as legitimate
blacks may question the motives of the police and treat such encounters with great suspicion. Furthermore, black distrust of the police could impact their demeanour during police encounters. A negative demeanour towards the police could lead to less respectful treatment by the police. Such poor treatment, in turn, could further reinforce black perceptions of police bias (see Engel et al . 2010). In other words, the†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, due to Canada ’ s ban on race-crime statistics, survey results have not yet been supplemented with official data. What are the major implications of these findings? First of all, logic dictates that there is a direct relationship between how closely people are monitored by the police and how likely they are to get caught for breaking the law. In other words, if black people are systematically stopped and searched more frequently than others, they are also more likely to be to be detected and arrested for illegal activity than people from other racial backgrounds who engage in exactly the same behaviour . Thus, consistent with the major principles of conflict criminology, racial differences in police stop and search activities directly contribute to the over-representation of black people in the Canadian criminal justice system (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah 2011). Police stop and search experiences can also undermine the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Indeed, a number of studies have now confirmed that people who are frequently stopped and searched by the police have less trust in the justice system and are more likely to view criminal justice institutions as biased (see review in Wortley and Owusu-Bempah 2009, Bowling this volume). Importantly, additional research suggests that people with a poor

Capital Punishment Essay Hypocrisy of the Death Penalty

The Hypocrisy of the Death Penalty If there is a desire by the American people to maintain the death penalty, let us at least be spared the hypocrisy of a justification by example. The death penalty is a penalty, to be sure, a frightful torture, both physical and moral, but it provides no sure example except a demoralizing one. It punishes, but it forestalls nothing; indeed, it may even arouse the impulse to murder. It hardly seems to exist, except for the man who suffers it-- in his soul for months and years, in his body during the desperate and violent hour when he is cut in two without suppressing his life. Let us call it by the name which, for lack of any other nobility, will at least give the nobility of truth, and let us†¦show more content†¦Retaliation is related to nature and instinct, not to law. Law, by definition, cannot obey the same rules as nature. If murder is in the nature of man, the law is not intended to imitate or reproduce that nature. It is intended to correct it. Now retaliation does n o more than ratify and confer the status of a law on a pure impulse of nature. We have all known that impulse, often to our shame, and we know its power, for it comes down to us from the primitive forests, In this regard, we French, who are properly indignant upon seeing the oil king in Saudi Arabia preach international democracy and call in a butcher to cut off a theifs hand with a cleaver, live also in a sort of Middle Ages without even the consolations of faith. We still define justice according to therules of a crude arithmetic. *Can it be said at least that the arithmetic is exact and that justice, even when elementary, even when limited to legal revenge, is safeguarded by the death penalty? The answer must be no. Let us leave aside the fact that the law of retaliation is inapplicable and that it would seem just as excessive to punish the incendiary by setting fire to his house as it would be insufficient to punish the thief by deducting from his bank account a sum equal to his theft. Let us admit that it is just and necessary to compensate for the murder of the victim by the death of the murderer. But beheading is not simply death. It is just as different, in essence, from theShow MoreRelatedAn Eye for an Eye: The Death Penalty1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been present, in one way or another, for virtually as long as human civilization has existed. The reasons why are apparent; it is intrinsically logical to human beings that a person who takes the life of another should also be killed. This philosophy is exemplified in the famous Biblical passage, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. However, in light of recent research into ethics, criminology and the justice syste m, the time has come for us to re-examine our agelessRead MoreThe Stranger - Meursaults Trial Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagestrial and persecution of Meursault to express his belief that the justice system is flawed because of his absurdist ideals that truth does not exist, and human life is precious. In order to reform the justice system, Albert Camus believes that capital punishment needs to be abolished. The trial portrays the absurdist ideal that absolute truth does not exist. This ideal destroys the very purpose of the trial, which seeks to place a rational explanation on Meursault’s senseless killing of the Arab. HoweverRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pageshttp://www.terry.uga.edu/~dawndba/4500compulsoryhet.htm Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence †¨ Adrienne Rich    Adrienne Rich s essay constitutes a powerful challenge to some of our least examined sexual assumptions. Rich turns all the familiar arguments on their heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual forceRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, usingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexplains the financial success of the firms that are highly effective?† The five most powerful predictors were identified and assessed. They included market share (assuming that the higher the market share of a firm, the higher its profitability); firm capital intensity (assuming that the more a firm is automated and up-to-date in technology and equipment, the more profitable it is); size of the firm in assets (assuming that economies of scale and efficiency can be used in large firms to increase profitability);Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesoperate. Source: Henning Kaiser/Getty Images In the global economy, jobs tend to shift from developed nations to countries where lower labor costs give firms a comparative advantage. In this photo, an employee wearing a sign on his head reading â€Å"Capital Interests† joins co-workers at a Nokia factory in Germany to protest the company’s decision of terminating mobile phone production at the plant, resulting in the loss of 2,300 jobs. Nokia announced plans to shift production from Germany to Romania

Mixture Lab Write Up Free Essays

| Separation of a Salt, Sand, and Water Mixture| Jamie Schurz and Austin Hoggard| | Date experiment was performed: September 6 and September 7| | | Introduction Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to use various lab equipment and lab techniques to separate a mixture of salt, sand, and water. Background: An element is the simplest form of a substance that retains the properties of that substance. A compound is a substance formed by combining two or more elements set in fixed proportions. We will write a custom essay sample on Mixture Lab Write Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now A mixture is a system of two or more distinct chemical substances. Unlike compounds, mixtures can be physically combined. Because the components are physically combined, they can also be separated using physical properties. Physical properties are properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter. In this lab, a mixture of salt and sand will be separated using the listed equipment and separation techniques. Hypothesis: If a mixture of sand (3. 3g), salt (1. 2g), and water is separated using filtration and boiling point, then most of the sand and salt will be recovered. Safety Information: During the experiment, appropriate safety wear should be worn at all times such as: goggles and an apron (to prevent salt or hot water from entering the eye). Beaker tongs should be used to remove the heater beaker from the appropriate heating fixture and then it should be carefully transported onto the designated pressed fiber pad to cool. Materials and Methods * * Graduated cylinder * Small beaker (100 mL) * Large beaker (600 mL) * Hot plate * Small ring * Funnel * Filter paper * Glass stir rod with rubber policeman * Hot mitts * Beaker tongs * Pressed fiber pad * Weigh boat * Electronic balance * Scoops * Salt and sand sample * water Experimental Procedure 1. Put on appropriate safety wear. 2. Begin this experiment with 47 mL of water, 1. 2 g of salt, and 3. g of sand. * Use the 100 graduated cylinder to find the 47 mL of water, reading from the meniscus. * Put the weigh boat onto the electronic balance and zero it out, then slowly add the salt until you have 1. 2 grams of it. Do the same for the sand. * Also mass the larger of the two beakers 3. Combine the 1. 2g of salt and 47 mL of water into the 100 mL beaker and stir until the salt is dissolved 4. Add the sand and wait until it settles onto the bottom of the beaker. 5. Mass the filter paper and then fold it into a small cone. Wet sides before placing into funnel that is inside a ring stand. Place larger beaker underneath funnel. 6. Slowly pour sand and salt mixture through filter paper. Let the sand dry. 7. Take large beaker with salt and water and place on top of a hot plate. Set hot plate onto its highest setting and let boil. 8. Once salt starts popping lower temperature on hot plate. When most of the water has evaporated remove from hot plate using beaker tongs and let rest on pressed fiber pad. 9. Turn hot plate off. 10. Mass out recovered sand and salt. Results Raw Data: object| Mass (g)| starting mass of salt| 1. 2g| Starting mass of sand| 3. 3g| Dry filter paper| 0. 7g| Larger of the 2 beakers| 103. 1g| Total mass of beaker/salt (after)| 105. 3g| Mass of recovered salt| 2. 2g| Total mass of filter paper/sand (after)| 4. 1g| Mass of recovered sand| 3. 4g| Important results: * The mass of recovered salt was 2. 2g * The mass of recovered sand was 3. 4g * The percent error for the mass of recovered salt was 83% error * The percent error for the mass of the recovered sand was 3% * The percent yield for the mass of the recovered salt was 183% * The percent yield for the mass of the recovered sand was 103% Calculations: Discussion Expected results v. Actual results: In the experiment, the mass of the salt recovered was larger than the mass of the amount of salt that was started out with. This may be due to the tap water that was used not being pure or that some sand was small enough to not be filtered out. Analyze experimental error: During the experiment, instead of measuring the water out to exactly 47mL, around 60 mL of water was used. This could have caused there to be extra water during the final measurement. There was not enough time to boil off the extra water; this was done by another person later without either partner in the group supervising. Also, when looking for the sand sample the next day, it was missing; so another group’s sand data was massed instead Improvements: Having a longer time to conduct the experiment might have changed the data. Instead of leaving the sand sample in the open on a table to all classes, it may have been better for them to be separated more. Results in terms of the purpose: The goal was to get most of the salt and sand back through filtration and evaporation. Most of the sand was recovered; however there was a great deal of added mass to the salt (around 1g). The goal was met as far as data is concerned. Conclusion: The goal of the experiment was to see if using boing point and filtration could recover close to the same amount of salt and sand put together in a mixture. The experiment revealed a percent yield of 183% for salt and 103% for sand, which does support the hypothesis that using those two techniques, about the same amount of salt and sand would be recovered. How to cite Mixture Lab Write Up, Essay examples

Diversity in Changing Organizational Context †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diversity in Changing Organizational Context. Answer: Introduction: Patient safety can be defined as the maintenance of the procedure by which hospitals as well as other healthcare centers protect the lives of their patients from errors, accidents, injuries, infections and others. Some of the important activities that accounts for patient safety are the delivery of proper service by the healthcare professionals, proper management of the administrative body of the centers, right amount of resource allocation by the boards of directors and the account system and others (Ammouri et al., 2015). The activities of the healthcare professionals also play a very vital role. Researchers over the decades have stated that proper cultural competency and adequate amount of nursing skills, competency and training ensure patient safety. The following assignment will mainly depict journal articles which will help to prove the claim made and thereby help to decrease the chances of patient harm in hospitals and increasing patient safety. Self-assessment of cultural competency Study 1- (A mixed method study of nurses self assessment of cultural competency)- The research by Alpers Hanssen, (2014) aimed to investigate how nurse assessed their culturally competency to deal with patients from different background. As majority of nurses tend to lack cultural competency, the study findings showed that knowledge about illness and treatment philosophies does not enhance cultural competency in nurses, it is dependent on knowledge of intercultural systems and culturally competent care. Engaging in emotional labor to handle culturally sensitive patient- Study 1: (Dispensing emotions- Norwegian community nurses handling of diversity in organizational context)- The qualitative research by Debesay et al., (2014) utilized the concept of emotional labour to identify whether nurse can handle ethnic minority patients in the context of pressures. The findings gave the indication that language barriers and unfamiliar cultural traditions challenges nurses in dealing with minority patients. The demand for efficiency in professional work and time constraints also affects the nurse ability to deal with minority patients. Hence, organizational changes is required to develop the confidence of nurses in handling culturally sensitive situations. Implementation of cultural competence skills program to handle culturally sensitive patient: Study 1: (The effectiveness of cultural competence program on ethnic minority patient-centered health care- a systematic review)- The systematic review by Renzah et al., (2013) gave the idea that effect of patient-centered care model on improving cultural competence in health care staffs. It was found to have positive effects on staffs as the program increased their knowledge about cultural sensitivity. Study 2: (Cultural and language difference as a barrier to provisions of quality care by workforce in Saudi Arabia)- The research by Almutairi, (2015) aimed to identify the challenges in faced by workforce due cultural and language difference in Saudi Arabia. The main findings of the research was that lack of cultural competency, was the main reason for difficulties and cultural shock. Inadequate competency in nursing hampers patient safety Failure in certain competencies like social skills, expertise, experience as well as priority setting: Study 1: According to Kieft et al. (2013), social skills of the nurses are very important in developing a trustful care relationship. Social skills like proper behavior and attitude, composure, allocating proper time for patients, having empathy and listening to patients attentively develop a sense of commitment to patients which help in meeting expectations of patients. In domain of expertise and experience communicative capabilities, technical skills and nursing knowledge are believed to develop expertise and also earn them experience. These will help them to provide state of art interventions or activities. Failure in them will lead the nurses to take wrong treatment plan and will not make them critically analyze the situation. This will hamper patient safety. Moreover nurses who also fail to set their priorities among the various roles and responsibilities that have to maintain every day, also becomes a reason for patient quality deterioration. Lack of proper training of the nurses lead to harm in patient safety Study 1: Often patients admitted to emergency departments require the collaborative activity of a number of health professionals to make a rapid and proper treatment of the patients and thereby help him recover from any sort of adverse situation. However, inadequate teamwork may lead to miscommunication and issue in role clarity o each of the nurses and professionals, which might hamper the patient safety. Therefore, researchers like Klipfel et al. (2014) are of the opinion that effective team based training of nurses in application of care in a collaborative approach is very much necessary in attending the adverse situations. They have suggested that education strategy of in situ simulation training is found to be extremely helpful for building interdisciplinary teamwork as well as nursing staff confidence in managing emergency situations. They have also explained that for the proper implementation of effective tea mwork would require not only team training but also training which is instituted interdependently with proper fair and just culture as well as visible engaged leadership. Inadequate nursing skills lead to hamper in patient safety: Study 1: A research paper was published by researchers Aiken et al. (2016) explaining the importance of nursing skill for marinating patient safety. They had conducted a quantitative study where they have shown that richer nurse skill mix that were composed of mostly nursing professionals with adequate training, expertise and experience was associated mostly with lower rates of mortality, low hospital ratings of patients in their feedback form, lower reports of poorer quality, poor safety grades and poor outcomes. On the other hand poor nurse skill mix which complained mainly of low paid untrained nursing associates and healthcare staffs who had low knowledge, expertise, training and experience were related to high mortality rates in preventable deaths and poor ratings in quality care, low quality and patient harm. Therefore this study proves that nurses should undergo professional development and completing of their trainin g procedures for being fully skilled and hospitals hold appoint nurses with proper degrees and do not settle with nursing individuals with low or incomplete qualification to meet their resource restraints as that might harm lives of patients. Conclusion: The review of literature on the theme of culturally sensitive care and impact of low competencies on patient safety gave many important implications for nursing practice development. The key strength of the study is that it informs about the skills and knowledge that is necessary for nurse to handle culturally sensitive patients and enhance their safety. The element of regular self-assessment for cultural competency, implementation of competence skills training and providing emotional labors was found as a factor to satisfy patient and enhance patient safety. However, there are certain limitations of the literature review too. For instance Almutairi, (2015) did not covered all communications barriers that affect patient safety and delivery of culturally sensitive care. In some studies, the generalization of findings became difficult because of low sample size and difference between years of experience and competency level of nursing staffs. Hence, year of experience can significantly affect the outcome of research and considering this factor was important. Therefore, to develop the clinical skills of nurse in providing quality care, more studies is needed to investigate improvements needed in nursing education as well as training needs during clinical practice. Reference Almutairi, K. M. (2015). Culture and language differences as a barrier to provision of quality care by the health workforce in Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal,36(4), 425. Alpers, L. M., Hanssen, I. (2014). Caring for ethnic minority patients: A mixed method study of nurses' self-assessment of cultural competency.Nurse education today,34(6), 999-1004. Ammouri, A. A., Tailakh, A. K., Muliira, J. K., Geethakrishnan, R., Al Kindi, S. N. (2015). Patient safety culture among nurses.International nursing review,62(1), 102-110. Debesay, J., Harslf, I., Rechel, B., Vike, H. (2014). Dispensing emotions: Norwegian community nurses' handling of diversity in a changing organizational context.Social science medicine,119, 74-80. Griffiths, P., Ball, J., Drennan, J., James, L., Jones, J., Recio, A., Simon, M. (2014). The association between patient safety outcomes and nurse/healthcare assistant skill mix and staffing levels and factors that may influence staffing requirements. Kieft, R. A., de Brouwer, B. B., Francke, A. L., Delnoij, D. M. (2014). How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: a qualitative study.BMC health services research,14(1), 249. Klipfel, J. M., Carolan, B. J., Brytowski, N., Mitchell, C. A., Gettman, M. T., Jacobson, T. M. (2014). Patient safety improvement through in situ simulation interdisciplinary team training.Urologic nursing,34(1), 39. Renzaho, A. M. N., Romios, P., Crock, C., Snderlund, A. L. (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(3), 261-269.

Pablo Picasso Blue Period

The Blue Period in the oeuvre of Pablo Picasso is defined as his paintings created in years 1901-1904. It is characterized by obvious domination of various forms of blue colors in paintings. Interestingly, at this point of his life he was definitely feeling blue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso: Blue Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The preceding year before the beginning of the Blue Period appeared to be shocking for the artist. Pablo Picasso’s best friend, Carlos Casagemas, committed a suicide. This event is considered to have led the artist to the period of melancholy and depression (Warncke, 201). Feeling frustrated and left alone, Pablo Picasso tries to express his emotions with the help of canvas and oil. He paints himself and other people with unhappy expressions; emptiness can be read on their faces. Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period can be defined as the transition of the art ist from classical to abstract painting (Getlein,28). While creating the paintings, Pablo Picasso was very young (21-25). Therefore, some drawbacks in composition can be observed at the Blue Period. However, at his time, Pablo Picasso made a real revolution in the world of art with his works. Unusual, serious and grotesque, they form a special class of pictures which introduce the age of modern art. The Blue Period includes such works as Self portrait, Le gourmet, Blue Nude, La Celestina, Evocation, burial of Casagemas, Casagemas’ Death, Two sisters, the meeting, Life, Old Guitarist, Child with a Dove, Poor people on the seashore, Susanne Bloch, and others. Child with a dove â€Å"Child with a dove†, painted in 1901, is the painting which opens the Picasso’s series of the paintings of the Blue Period. Unlike the most of paintings of this period, it is very tender and mild.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get yo ur first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A little girl holding a white dove on a playground looks very sad. The picture is still, yet the viewers expect the doe to fly away soon; that is why the subconscious dynamics is present in the work. The light blue and green pastel tones intensify the melancholic mood of the painting. However, the vivid black contours make the figures very contrastive. The brushstrokes can be seen; moreover, it is clear that preceding to the green phone Picasso used deep blue. Interestingly, starting from this painting the author started to sign his works as simply â€Å"Picasso†, with no initials (Raynal, 81). In this painting, the influence of such artists as Gauguin and Cezanne on Picasso’s style of painting can be noticed. The Absinthe Drinker â€Å"The absinthe drinker†, created in 1901, is a work which depicts the culture of Paris of that time. Absinthe, at that time a cheap infusion of weeds, was very spread among the youth . A man with a bottle of absinthe was a casual picture of 19th century (Gilot, 241). The Picasso’s character is very tragic; his posture and expression emphasize his loneliness. He is sitting with his drunken eyes staring in deep thoughts; he is hugging himself with one arm, which is a sign of emptiness, and supporting his chin with another hand. This hand is standing strictly vertical and is situated in the center of the composition, making the painting massive and rude. The palette is comparatively rich; the typical blue colors are combined with red, yet they still are cold. The texture of the painting is homogenious. The painting is now kept in Russia, at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso: Blue Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self portrait The picture â€Å"Self portrait† was also created in 1901. Painted with oil, this work is very expressiv e. Pablo Picasso shows himself as a serious figure looking straight into the viewer’s eyes. He is holding his head close to his shoulders, which signals the depressed and insecure state. He is wearing black; the rest of the picture is presented in blue tones. Despite the motionless figure, the painting looks very expressive because of contrasted colors. The red lips prove the contrast with cold colors and intensify the emotionality of the painting. The contours are highlighted with thick black lines, which make the style similar to that of Picasso (Richardson, 162). The texture is homogeneous; the brushstrokes are slightly noticeable. The work was one of the objects on a famous Spanish exhibition called â€Å"From El Grego to Picasso†. At the moment the painting is exhibited at the Hotel Salà ©, currently the Musà ©e National Picasso in Paris. Evocation, burial of Casagemas Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After Pablo Picasso’s best friend’s suicide, the artist paints a set of pictures related to his death. One of them is â€Å"Evocation, burial of Casagemas†, created in 1901. This work is quite big: its original size is 150.5 x 90.5 cm. It depicts the death of Casagemas in two dimensions: one, people mourning his death on the Earth, and the other, people greeting him in Heaven, where Casagemas arrives on a white horse. Heaven take 2/3 of the picture and is painted with pale, cold blue and green with bright white stripes symbolizing clouds. These features signify that the artist gets closer to the cubist technique with its vivid forms and bright boundaries. The scene on Earth is painted in warm tones. The depicted people have no faces, but their postures are extremely expressive; they all show deploration. Noticeably, the Earth part is still, while the heaven part is very dynamic. What is more, the colors used are also very dynamic. In fact, the colors are â€Å" dirty†, which gives the feeling of massiveness. This painting greatly demonstrates how good Picasso was at organizing the composition with many people in a way that looks natural. Casagemas’ Death One of the most striking works of Picasso’s Blue Period is â€Å"Casagemas’ Death†. As it is known, Picasso’s best friend committed a suicide in a temple (Leal, 159). This fact could serve as a reason why the central object of the painting is a bright light of a candle. The rays of the candle enlighten the face of Casagemas. The cold colors of the dead body are contrasted with the hot light – a comparison of death and life. The still body is combined with the dynamic flame. The candle is the only vertical line on the painting, which makes it look like an axis of the picture. The grotesque brushstrokes make the painting even more convincing. The zoomed scale makes an impression of the real presence near the object; in addition, the falling ho rizon adds the pessimism to the already tragic plot. The texture is grained; the artist used a thick layer of the paint. All in all, the painting is very tragic and expressive. The painting is now kept in France, at the Musà ©e Picasso in Paris. Le gourmet The name of this picture, â€Å"Le gourmet†, is often translated as â€Å"The Greedy Child†. However, if translated from French this word actually means â€Å"gastronome†. Picasso shows a boy eating at a table. The dynamical character of the boy is supported by mosaic surrounding; however, even despite making some moves he stays motionless. In comparison with other works of the Blue Period, this work can be defined as the most aristocratic one. In contrast to death, prostitutes and alcoholics Picasso depicts a boy with perfect hair and manners (Cowling, 319). Furthermore, the boy’s figure is shown as small with the help of surrounding objects, which are big; even the plate is too wide for the boy†™s hands. This can be a sign of the character’s loneliness. The colors are pale blue, as in most of the pictures of the period; the warm stains are also present. This picture differs from others by the technique of painting: the brushstrokes are very shallow and vivid. This technique gives an impression of a crayon-painted picture. This picture also contains more details than others; therefore, the elements of classicism are obvious. At the moment the painting is together with some of the works of Picasso’s Blue Period in USA, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Blue Nude The picture â€Å"Blue Nude† was painted in 1902. It depicts a necked woman crying sitting with her back to the viewers. Her body and the background are painted identically; only the thick black lines show her shape. The author also uses pink tones in order to contrast between the body and the surrounding. In this picture Pablo Picasso tries to make the first steps to primitivism, showing the simplified shapes (Franck, 143). The colors are not presented separately; all the tones seem to be flowing out from each other. The setting is unclear, as the painted woman has no ground under her; however, she does not look like hanging in the air: her posture is obviously fixed. All in all, despite the vivid lines, the picture looks very integral. La Celestina â€Å"La celestina† was painted in 1903. On the picture there is a woman with slightly grayed hair. The composition is still. She sits in a posture, traditional for Picasso’s portraits: with her body turned 30% to the West and her head turned full face to the viewer. The woman is dressed strictly: she has a black headscarf on. However, her facial expression shows some foxy thoughts. Her eyes, one of which is blind, are staring right, her eyebrows slightly raised, and her lips mysteriously simpering. Thus, Picasso reveals the character of the woman: both the model and Celestina were procuresses (Jaf fe, 82). The dark tones are presented by homogeneous style of painting. The absence of the setting emphasizes the importance and expressiveness of the character. The painting is now kept together with the author’s self-portrait of the Blue Period, in Paris, the Musà ©e National Picasso. Two sisters, the meeting The picture â€Å"Two sisters, the meeting†, created in 1902 depicts two unhappy women standing together. The painter was inspired for this work by his visit to the Paris prison of St. Lazare. The interesting detail about that prison was that it was guarded by nuns. Therefore, the women on the picture are probably nuns or a nun and a prisoner (Gilot, 328). The both characters are still. This work shows Pablo Picasso’s cubist preferences. The work is very contrastive, the semi-shadows are often omitted, the shapes are clean-cut. Some state that the simplified shapes, especially the way of painting the faces, points to the Christian motives (Warncke, 134) . The tones vary from light blue to dark violet. The typical distinct counters are less noticeable than in other works of the period. The curl of the arch on the left repeats the form of the sisters’ heads bend to each other, and the shadow on the right continues this pattern. The barefooted women with their heads covered remind the Discalced Carmelite Nuns. Nowadays the painting is in Russia; specifically, in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. The old guitarist â€Å"The old guitarist†, created in 1903, is one of the â€Å"mildest† works of Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period referring to the technique. A homeless man, probably drunk, playing his guitar is shown in the picture. The simple forms are yet detailed; the muscles and tendons are clear. The typical pale blue tones are combined with a warm stain (guitar) and bright white strokes, just like in most of the described paintings. The composition is still; only the guitarist’s hands are supposed to expres s dynamics, but in fact they are also relaxed. The three horizontal lines (the man’s head, hand and legs) are connected by the vertical one (the guitar). At the moment the work is situated at the Art Institute of Chicago in USA. Life The painting â€Å"Life† is another work where Picasso originally situates many figures. The author depicts Casagemas with his lover, and a mother with a child near them. The picture also refers to the set of Casagemas’ portraits. The triple dimension includes the three front characters, one person at the background and also two people painted on a picture behind the front characters. All the figures are motionless; only the couple on the left compensates the still composition. None of the characters meet with their eyes; this also adds some dynamics to the painting. The colors change from light blue on the top to brownish green on the bottom. The bright white stains highlight the front space and serve as a frame for the background . In this picture, author uses as much contrast as it was possible. One of the most obvious is the contrast between the necked couple and a woman in the fabric. Interestingly, the painting shows the alive friend of the author, surrounded by the closest people, which shows the deep feeling of respect that Picasso had to Casagemas. At the moment the work is in USA, The Cleveland Museum of Art. Poor people on the seashore The painting â€Å"Poor people on the seashore† depicts a family of three, a mother, a father and a son. Another name for the painting is â€Å"The tragedy†. The painting refers to the period when Picasso was concentrated on the general message more than on composition. Thus, the composition is rather inconsistent: the woman is still, but the man with the boy is moving in some direction; but their route seems to include hitting the woman. The characters are painted with violet; for the background Picasso used pure light blue colors. They express the fro zen sea and the winter sky; the people with no shoes on also show that they are cold. In general, the mood of the painting is expressed very clearly. The pale stains in this painting are not only used in some elements, but also for underlying the contrast with dark tones. All in all, despite the imperfect composition, Picasso managed to express the atmosphere excellently. The painting is now at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, USA. Suzanne Bloch â€Å"Suzanne Bloch† is the last painting from Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period. This portrait does not differ much from the other portraits of Picasso: the typical composition, model’s posture, tones and style of painting. A still woman looks straight into the viewers’ eyes; the dark tones of clothing and hair are contrasted with very pale skin. Warm orange lips also prove a contrast to the general cold of the painting. The texture is rather coarse, which makes the painting look messy. The portrait also has an interesting story. It was once stolen from a museum and found a year later, undamaged and safe (Leal, 287). All in all, the Blue Period in the artistic work of Pablo Picasso is one of the most prolific ones. The feeling of resignation was one of the strongest stimuli for the artist to create his works. The Blue Period is marked by expressive melancholic paintings and a palette of cold blue colors. Because of the mournful mood, author depicts unhappy people. None of the characters painted during the Blue Period is smiling; they all embody either poor, sad or stereotypically bad characters. In addition, the style of Picasso’s paintings becomes very recognizable; it still contains the aristocratic tones and mild transitions but at the same time has the roots of cubism. The main features of the Blue Period’s portraits are stillness, heavy dark colors, and thick black contours. Nowadays the works are kept in greatest galleries of the world and admitted to be ones of the world best works. Works Cited Barnet, S. A short guide to write about art 9th edition. London: Longman, 2002. Print. Cowling, E. Picasso: Style and Meaning. Phaidon Press, 2002. Print. Franck, D. Bohemian Paris: Picasso, Modigliani, Matisse, and the Birth of Modern Art. Grove Press, 2003. Print. Getlein, M. Living with Art 8th Edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print. Gilot, F, Lake, C. Life with Picasso. Virago,1990. Print. Jaffe, H. Picasso (Masters of Art) New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1983. Print. Leal, B. The Ultimate Picasso. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Print. Raynal, M. Picasso: Biographical and Critical Studies. Skira,1959. Print. Richardson, J. A Life of Picasso: The Prodigy, 1881-1906. Alfred A. Knopf, 2007. Print. Warncke, C, Walther, I, Taschen,G. Picasso Taschen: illustrated edition, 2003. Print. This essay on Pablo Picasso: Blue Period was written and submitted by user Beetle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jane Fonda Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Free Essays

Jane Fonda Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Free Essays Jane Fonda Who is Jane Fonda? This is a question often asked by many people with no one right answer. She is an actress, a fitness guru, a former communist sympathizer, and most importantly, an antiwar activist during the Vietnam War. Although Jane Fonda was honored as one of the 100 Women of the Century, her infamous name is one Vietnam veterans will never forget. As American soldiers were losing their lives, she traveled into enemy-territory, defaming American POWs, many of whom were tortured to death. Jane Fonda, a revolutionary woman whose efforts not only demoralized American servicemen but also created a personal war that would last a lifetime, mixed politics with film to make her an infamous legend. Born into a family of wealth, Jane Fonda evolved from a distinguished actress to one of the most controversial figures in Hollywood. Descending from prominent figures in history, including Samuel Adams and Jane Seymour, Fonda grew up with very little parental love and attention. Her father, actor Henry Fonda, rarely saw his daughter except for the occasional publicity photo-shoot. Her brother, Peter Fonda, and Jane spent most of their childhood at numerous boarding schools. The beginnings of Fondas passion for communism can be ascribed to her early boarding school in Paris, where she befriended French communists and Vietcong representatives assigned in Paris (Mraffin 1). Back in the United States, Jane made numerous theatrical appearances with her father. Developing her own fame, Jane began to take on numerous risque films, her most famous being Barbarella. Tired of her sex kitten roles and appearance, Jane took on a more serious role, titled They Shoot Horses Dont They? and also dev eloped an interest in politics. Jane watched women leading marches, women getting beaten up, women walking up to bayonets, and they were not afraid. That experience completely changed her, and it began her searching for what was behind it all (Andersen 171). March 8,1970, marked Janes first entry into the world of militant protest. Jane, a strong advocate of Coffee houses, or hangouts where servicemen could get a taste of antiwar propaganda and some coffee, was also drawn to the Black Panthers, the feminist movement, the plight of the American Indian, welfare mothers, and the farm movement. Jane decided that because of the success of my films, I have more power-and I intend to use it (Andersen 169) and the best way to tackle all these issues was by way of a cross country tour. Using her acting fame, Jane obtained appearances on TV talk shows, and became a feature speaker at numerous college campuses, leading countless anti-war demonstrations. Her speeches could be summarized by her statement on November 22, 1970: I would think if you understood what communism was, you would pray on your knees that you would someday become Communists (Mraffin 1). While traveling across country, Jane dropped in on Indian reservations, army bases, and G.I. coffeehouses, hoping to convert nonbelievers. Whenever Jane spoke at a Coffeehouse, she was speaking to the convertedmostly disillusioned draftees, rearing no more then a few thousand spread across the country, a small fraction of the nations fighting force (Andersen...). Within time though, Janes interest in everything but the Vietnam war diminished. No longer content with spreading her radicalism within the home ranks, Fonda decided to trade her glamorous attire in for a pair of Ho Chi Minh sandals, and Vietcong pajamas. She left for her two week stay in North Vietnam on July 8, 1972. Jane, with several cameras slung around her neck, was led on a tour of bombed-out hospitals, schools, factories, villages, and dikes. The devastation left Jane shaken, but not enough to stop her from doing some morale boosting for the enemy. It was then that Jane climbed aboard a North Vietnamese anti-aircraft gun, used to shoot American men, and peered through the gun sight looking for one of those blue eyed murderers (Sampley 1). Still, if She had stopped then, and returned home, her trip may have soon been forgotten. Instead, Fonda volunteered to make a series of ten propaganda broadcasts over Radio Hanoi, designed to demoralize American servicemen while encouraging the North Vietnamese to fight harder and kill more Americans. The broadcasts, al ong with

Human Resource Planning and Organizational Strategy Research Paper

Human Resource Planning and Organizational Strategy - Research Paper Example As such, human resource planning activities complements strategic development and implementation (Plunkett et. al., 2013). Human resource planning is the element of the staffing process that involves the assessment of an organization’s employees, predicts future needs and examines the need to retain or add employees. Recruitment involves identifying qualified potential employees. The element of selection has to do with examining candidates and hiring the ones who are best qualified and suitable for the job. In orientation, newly hired employees are acquainted with the environment within the organization. Training and development is the element of the staffing process that involves equipping employees with new knowledge, skills and competencies to facilitate and improve their performance. Through performance appraisal, the human resource management devises ways of assessing how well employees do in their jobs and how to reward them. Compensation is an important element of the staffing process that helps set employees’ payments and benefits. Employment decisions are the eighth element of sta ffing process that helps determine which employees are to be fired, laid off or promoted (Nelson & Public Library Association, 2008). The element of human resource planning corresponds to the human resource planning activity of assessing an organization’s staffing needs. Staffing process’ element of recruitment exemplifies one of the most important activities of human resource planning of getting new employees for the organization. Selection and orientation are the steps that follow the human resource planning activity of assessing the organization’s staffing needs. The human resource activity of budgeting complements the elements of the staffing process including training and development, performance appraisal and compensation. The element of employment decisions is encompassed

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International trade - Essay Example claim for the insured amount in correspondence to the losses incurred by Emma, the eventual happenings indicate that Abbe Insurers, the insurance company, have denied Emma for the payable because she has only paid 70 percentage of the total purchase amount. Subsequently, this discussion will focus on unfolding all the legal aspects regarding the terms mentioned within the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009 and determining whether Emma will be liable for the insurance amount. The applicable laws in the aforesaid case scenario can be identified as the claiming policies mentioned within the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009. This law was enacted as an international trade law with the prime intention of safeguarding the interests of both the insurance agencies as well as the buyers of the goods (Richards Hogg Lindley, 2009; Chuah, 2009). With reference to the referred case scenario, it is noteworthy that Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009 comprises of multiple sections based on the evaluation of which, the claimed amount can be ruled as deliverable or otherwise by the court. For instance, the guidelines concerning this law state that the insurance companies will have to provide a full coverage to any form of damage to the purchased or the transported goods, only if the damage conditions and the factors does not fall under the clauses 4, 5 6 and 7 (Hodges, 2013). Thus, it can be stated that if the reasons related to Emma’s loss does not coincide with the se four mentioned clauses, she will be liable for the insurance amount from Abbe Insurers. The detailed explanations of these clauses have been provided in the later sections (Richards Hogg Lindley, 2009). The mentioned terms within section 4.1 states that the insurance company will not be liable to pay the insured amount for any loss or damage to the goods that have been insured if the damage appears to have been incurred intentionally. In simple words, based on the enquiry that will be conducted by the Abbe Insurers,

Codification of Law in India

Codification of Law in India Douglas C. North in his book Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance talks about the importance of institutions, and how these institutions influence economic performance. Institutions include both informal rules  [1]  like code of conducts, traditions and customs and formal rules like constitution, laws and property rights  [2]  . People generally pay attention only to the formal rules that exist in the society and the informal rules dont get the attention and importance that they should get. The British in India did the same thing. But, North argues that these informal rules are also important and they shape the future of the economy. Institutions as defined by North are humanly devised constraints that structure economic, social and political interaction.  [3]   Entry of British in India When the British came to India in 1600s they saw a society which was not governed by any formal laws like the Bible (which was considered to be a divine source of power, law and rules for them) which governed the English; but a heterogeneous society where every individual followed his or her own custom and tradition which were varied. There was no uniformity in the practices that were followed by the people. The concept of formal law like being governed by a uniform system of law or a constitution was an alien concept to the Indians. Kautilya in Arthashastra recognizes existence of four sources of law which are dharma (scriptures), vyavahara (mutual agreement), charitra (local custom) and rajashasana (state decree).  [4]  Kautilya says that these were in ascending order and that the state order prevailed above all the scriptures and customary practices, when a conflict would arise. Similarly even Ashoka and Akbar developed laws which were to be followed by the subjects but they n ever mandated the people to follow these laws unless their customs were such so as to lead to communal disharmony. Thus, we see that the Indians had complete freedom to practice any norm, practice, custom etc. that they pleased as long as harmony was maintained. When the British stayed here as traders they did not interfere into these local customs and practices and were least concerned about it. When they came to the sub-continent the political power was weak as the power of the Mughal Empire in the center was crippling, thus making it easier for the British to gain political control and make a strong foothold in India. The English did gain the central control but their supremacy would only be recognized by the people if they would resolve disputes, which encouraged the British to develop judicial system in India. The law provided the British nothing less than a comprehensive ideology through which to rule.  [5]   The ideology which was used by the British was as Edward Said talks about in his path breaking book Orientalism.  [6]  They made the Indians believe that they were barbaric, uncivilized, in darkness and backward and it was their (British) duty to make the Indians civilized, modern, and progressive and bring them enlightenment. There was cultural hegemony which existed and the British believed that they could improve the Indian situation. The image of the cruel and superstitious natives who needed Christian salvation was deliberately constructed by the Evangelists.  [7]   Informal Institutions in early India and path dependence Initially the British tried administering the practices, norms, culture and traditions that were prevalent in the Indian society, but as there was lack of uniformity as everyone followed different customs and traditions the British found the administration to be difficult. James Mill and Thomas Babington Macaulay wanted to codify the laws in India and wanted to conduct an experiment and see how codified laws worked. They wanted to make the laws based on the principal of utilitarianism and wanted a code which was symmetric in all parts  [8]  and which would bring in uniformity. Thus, began Indias shift from an informal institution where interactions between parties were based on social norms and customs to formal institutions like codified laws. The natives in India for centuries had been following their own local customs and usages.  [9]  The Indians had been travelling on a path where they were not mandated to follow a particular law or text and were free to choose the norm or custom that they wanted to follow. Since there were no restrictions on them the Indians had complete freedom. The Indians had been on this path for a long time and thus there was path dependency.  [10]  This means that since the Indians had been traversing this path for a long time taking an alternative path would be difficult and there would be a high price for changing the path. Another definition of path dependency is that which states that history matters and this affects the possible outcomes in future.  [11]  The change in path in future becomes difficult because of the increasing returns or positive feedback  [12]  that is received because it has been being followed for a long period of time by large number of people. With the idea of the British to bring in formal rules and to codify laws there was a shift in the institution from informal to formal. Shift in the criminal sphere was not difficult as criminal law was universal and was to be applied universally on everyone. Warren Hastings agreed with this codification, but objected to the codification of the personal laws of the Indians as he knew it was dangerous and wanted to stay away from it.  [13]  Since the British could not impose their ideology  [14]  Hastings decided that there would be Indian officials like pandits and maulvis who would help the English judges take decision. Since, the English judges were unaware of the Indian jurisprudence, this help by the officials was essential for them to decide upon cases. Reasons leading to shift in institution from informal to formal The court wanted specific solutions to complex issues. The colonizers did not pay any importance to the existing diversity and would ask questions of general rule and the pandits would answer keeping dharma in mind.  [15]  The answers which the British got were never in tandem with the questions asked, as the pandits and maulvis had never faced such a situation before and the answers differed from one pandit to the other; and these answers were then accepted as general rule of law and were imposed upon the people. Different pandits came to different conclusions even when the circumstances were same because they would refer to different texts or scriptures as there was complete freedom to choose the custom that people wanted to. For example if an Englishman would ask how to turn into a Hindu, the method or the procedure told by different pandits would be different as there was no one particular way of doing it. Thus, there was no uniformity. The pandits in India were not an organization like the Pope of the church. The pandits did not interfere in the political sphere at all; unlike the church where the Pope would coronate the King and then only could he rule. There were varied customs prevailing and every pandit would interpret the text in a different way as there was no single interpretation like there was of the Bible. A well trained pandit would be in a position to cite numerous versus on particular topics or only those that made a particular point useful to a specific scenario or indeed he might express his own opinion on the matter  [16]  but these differed greatly from each other. The customs would change from place to place and the British were baffled at this dissimilar existence of customs. Thus, there was no uniformity and certainty in the decisions given by the pandits and the maulvis. This led to a mistrust of them by the British and hence they decided to codify the law. Another reason for codification of the laws were that they believed that there was popular demand for such changes; and the popular demand according to them consisted of group of elite Hindus who were a part of the British administrative structure itself.  [17]   Organizations acting as change agents North in his book also talks about the existence of organizations which are group of individuals bound together for purpose to achieve objectives  [18]  and are created to take advantage of the opportunities  [19]  that the existing institution provides them and then either work within the existing institutions or change and alter the existing institutions, depending on the objective to be achieved; and hence the organizations which are created out of the existing choice set act as major agents of institutional change.  [20]   When the British realized that administration in India was difficult because of the non-existence of any certain law they finally took the bold step of codifying the personal laws as well. Hastings had wanted to stay away from personal laws as he realized that marriage in India was tied to religion and they had decided on staying neutral towards the native religious affairs and secondly because they thought that there interference might lead to communal violence.  [21]  But the assistance of the pandits and maulvis was now looked at with mistrust and thus, Hastings selected 11 pandits to codify laws which would then be followed by everyone. The pandits came up with Vivadarnavasetu which literally means a bridge on the ocean of disputes was the original Sanskrit version. Later on these were translated in English (with which also there were problems which will be dealt ahead) under the name of A Code of Gentoo Laws. The meaning was totally transformed and words like code and law which were never a part of the original text were now legitimized.  [22]  Then again William Jones appointed Jagannath Tarkapanchanan, the legendary scholar on all branches of the Dharmasastras to compile Vivadabhangarnava which literally means a break wave on the oceans of disputes and it was later translated into English under the title A Digest of Hindu Law. Again the importation of British concepts of digest and law were used to legitimize the transformation of the prescriptive guidelines in the Sastras as legal rules to be administered by the court.  [23]   Initially the British gave regard to the customs that were ubiquitous while codifying the laws,  [24]  but even then they realized that there were uncertainties and they could not trust the Indian officials as there was a possibility of them defrauding the company for their own benefits.  [25]  Thus, many English jurists like William Jones, Colebrooke decided to translate the texts into English so that the judges could use it. But the translations were done by European scholars. When translations were done the essential meanings got lost and the entire meaning and its essence could not be understood and translated, as there are certain words the exact word for which might not exist in the other language. For example the word dharma which means the all en-compassing duty to do the right thing at the right time, at any point of ones life, was simply translated as law.  [26]   The English jurists who translated the texts into English were the organization which objected to the existing informal institution. This organization had the common objective (having political control over India) was the ease of administering laws. The goal which the organization sought to achieve of uniformity and stability could not be achieved with the existing institution of informal norms, code of conduct and behavior; they had to get in something more concrete like formal laws so that there could be certainty and uniformity. This organization emerged because of the existing choice set which was available to them because of the informal rules in place and they took advantage of the position that they had attained and acted as change agents or as North would call them entrepreneurs in economic terms and gave India codified laws. Importance of informal norms North in his book also states that move from informal to formal institutions is a slow process.  [27]  Although formal rules may change overnight due to political or judicial decisions, informal constraints embodied in customs are much more impervious to deliberate policies. These cultural constraints not only connect the past with the present and the future, but provide us with a key to explaining the path of historical change.  [28]   In India if we see the move from informal non-codified laws to formal codified laws was a slow process as the British initially tried to administer the informal rules only, but when the result was not to their satisfaction they decided to move towards codified formal rules. But, if seen from another perspective then we see that the change was all of a sudden as the British imposed these codified laws on the Indians when for a long time they had been following a different path altogether. This imposition of the laws on the Indians could not percolate into the society and could not become a part of the society easily as these were imposed from outside and were not from within the society itself and sometimes were not in conformity with the existing norms. Change from informal to formal institution has a cost Transaction Cost Now this institutional change from informal to formal could not be without any cost. There was a cost which the society had to bear, but this cost was not taken into consideration when the organization was taking the decision of altering the institutions according to its own benefit. The cost borne was the change of many customs that were existing, loss of many customs as they were not codified, freezing of identities, creeping in of foreign ideologies and biasness and death of plurality of customs, traditions and indigenous practices. This cost is known as transaction cost as it is the cost of changing the path upon which one has been travelling for a long period of time (non-codified laws) to a new path (codified laws). Transaction cost is a result of the institutional change, but this transaction cost also could have brought in Indians a feeling of unity which had not existed before within a group and also led to the abolishment of many evil practices that were being practiced by the people. Codification of Hindu law was a humongous task because there was no existence of anything called the Hindu law (its existence was presumed by the British keeping in mind the bible which was their source of law) prior to the colonial era, and secondly because what the British mistook to be the source of Hindu law was so vast that they were unable to codify everything as there were various norms being followed in the society which did not come from some ancient scriptures or religious texts. In England there existed a homogenous society with everyone following what the church told them and as already mentioned above the church was an organization and hence their interpretations of the bible (which was the divine source of their law) were also same. So when the English came to India they came with a framework in their mind that, there would be a homogenous society and that this homogenous society would have a divine source of law. But, the British were in for a surprise when they came t o India. They realized that a heterogeneous society with various different practices existed in India and they failed to find a divine source of law; but were adamant on finding a source of law something which was akin to the cannon law and hence in their desperate attempt to find a source, William Jones who was to then translate the sources of law in to English considered Manusmriti which were the Memories of Manu to be the source of law and the translation came to be known as the Institutes of Hindu Law.  [29]  India does not have a cannon law which legitimizes a uniform code for all the diverse groups of the community; but, because of this arbitrariness the British started patronizing education and interpretation of the shastras for their own.  [30]   The British thought that they would derive the law from the texts and scriptures but this task was cumbersome and impractical. They were influenced a lot by the legal theory especially that of Jeremy Bentham.  [31]  Bentham believed in the principle of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism means greatest good for the maximum number of people. In such a scenario it is the minority that is left out and their needs are not taken into consideration; but while codifying these laws the opposite happened. Codification of these laws was done by few pandits who had their own interpretation of the texts and it was done on the demand of a few people with whom the British interacted. Thus, what got codified were just a few traditions and customs and a large number of them were left out and hence got lost. There was strong impact when colonial law encountered the personal law. It led to customs like property rights which are important for the development of any society being substantially altered in Bengal and rights of women to hold property was also substantially changed.  [32]  There were two schools of thought that existed in India Mitakshara and Dayabhag with regards to property rights. Mitakshara was followed everywhere except in Bengal where Dayabhag school of thought was followed. When codification was done by William Jones he was influenced by the Dayabhag School and hence, most of their beliefs got codified and beliefs of the other school were left out leading to the death of many customs. The loss of customs was not only because they were not codified, but also because the judges refused to recognize the existing norms if they did not have any spiritual authority. Customs that the people followed were something which had been developed by the community on their own and h ad no spiritual backing and hence they were considered invalid by the courts. When there was a conflict between customary law and the official law, then the customary law had to be established and then only would the customary law prevail. But the standard set for proving customary law was so high that hardly any law could meet the requirements and slowly all of them withered away.  [33]  The judges also had the power to strike down the law on the basis that they considered it to be against public policy. There was no definition given as to what was against public policy and this gave unfettered power in the hands of the judge to decide which laws were valid and which were against public policy.  [34]   There was freezing of identities as Hindus were now considered to be a larger group of people and were considered to be a community while on the other hand the Muslims were considered outsiders.  [35]  This also happened because in courts the judges had to apply Hindu law to the Hindus and the Muslim laws to the Muslims; so now the people had to decide which religious community they belonged to, whereas initially there was no such pressure on them to identify themselves with a particular religion and were free to choose any custom of any religion they wanted to follow. The translation of the code was done by English jurists who were trained in English laws and customs. So when they translated the law they could not keep aside their biasness and facets of English law crept in. Thus, the new law which came into being comprised of first, the interpretation of the laws by the judges, in the form of case laws acting as precedents and secondly, through codification of the scriptures. T hey also used the principles of justice, equity and good conscience while deciding the cases. This led to the emergence of Anglo Hindu law.  [36]   As Anderson in Islamic Law says  [37]  : the construction of Hindu law in India by the British colonial government [and] the British effort to find Hindu lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦assumed that the Hindu law would be found thoughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦deduction from precedent and a focus on cases. Hindu law gradually came to be based on previous judges decisions, not on Hindu sacred texts. These texts themselves were mistranslated and selected according to the conceptions of English civil law, so that Hindu law was ultimately defined in terms of European conceptions of Hindu law. But the transaction cost borne also helped as this death of plurality led to removal of many practices that were evil and were rampantly practiced in the society. Various acts were passed which made the social condition better, like the Sati regulation of 1829, the Caste Disabilities Removal Act 1850, the Hindu Women Remarriage Act 1856, and Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929. Removal of Sati was an important step as this practice was highly followed in Bengal. Sati was so prevalent in Bengal because they followed the Dayabhag School of thought which gave property rights even to women. These acts helped improve the social conditions in the society at least on paper if not reality, as there is evidence to show that sati was more widely practiced after the regulation that came into being. There were retentionists as well who were unhappy with such codes, and in many areas the customs were not changed in accordance to the code and they still continued; as a stroke of pen cannot comple tely do away with or abolish customs that had been being followed for centuries. This could have brought in more unity as now the Indians had something to identify themselves with, which were common to all the people. North says in his book that the resultant path of institutional change is shaped by:  [38]   The lock in that comes from the symbiotic relationship between institutions and the organizations that have evolved as a consequence of the incentive structure provided by those institutions the new path of codified laws that India started walking on after codification was traversed on for a long time and the path became locked in history and thus, gave India codified laws which exist even today. This codification could only take place because the existing institutions did not provide for the political unity of India which gave British the incentive to codify the laws using their political power; and The feedback process by which human being perceive and react to change in the opportunity set keeping aside the costs borne because of codification, from British point of view this process of institutional change was beneficial as it helped in smoother governance of the country and better control over the people. Bengal as an illustration Now lets look at the existence of this framework through example of Bengal. During this time Bengal comprised of Bihar as well and was named Bengal presidency. The populace of Bihar consisted of Muslims as well and not only Hindus. As already mentioned above there were two schools of thoughts that existed. One was called the Mitakshara which was followed in all parts of India and the second being Dayabhaga which was followed in Bengal only. There was difference in the two Schools because they had different rules which governed them. for example: in Mitakshara the son had an interest in the property as soon as he was born, while in Dayabhaga School the son got the property after the death of the father. According to the Dayabhag School the women had substantial property rights. In some cases they managed the property on behalf of the male members and on other occasions they would hold property in their own name after the death of the husband. During the British era in the 19th century the amount of property that would be held by the women substantially reduced than what is was earlier. Their property was vulnerable to competing claims of the local powerful men. This change also happened because in England the British women did not have property rights and when the British saw this new scene in India while codifying the laws they brought this change and the right of women to hold property was substantially taken away. Warren Hastings had been the governor general of Bengal but towards the end due to financial instability he was replaced by Lord Cornwallis. One central aim of this project was to restore the landlord and property rights that existed a generation before.  [39]  Lord Cornwallis planned to give a constitution which would protect the personal property of the individual and thus help in the prosperity of the state.  [40]  Thus, he created new offices and courts to collect more revenue which was the aim of the British. When the British came to India they came with their English notions of how property was related to politics. So when they came to India lord Cornwallis could not disassociate this notion and believed that there would be the existence of same relation even in Bengal.  [41]   Using their pre-colonial notion of the existing offices and without bothering to understand the existing social institutions they removed Indian officials from important posts and made them mere informants or agents. During Warren Hastings stay he gave importance to the customs and usage of the local area, but when Lord Cornwallis came he thought that the information about the customs could be gained from the inhabitants of the place and thus abolished the office qanungu  [42]  who was the district officer and would be a ready source of information regarding the existing customs. But Lord Cornwallis removed the office thinking that the post had deep rooted immersion in the historical continuities of a particular society made them easily corrupt and there were chances of them defrauding the Company with the landlords.  [43]   This essentially happened because the British wanted to maintain their supremacy and did not want to lose their political power in India, but while being insecure about the hold of power politically they forgot to give due importance to the existing social institutions which would have made their rule easy. The constitution given by Lord Cornwallis had a paradox.  [44]  It was based on the Burkean philosophies of trust and customary practice, but sadly, when it came to Bengal both were nonexistent as there was severance and a distance existed between the world of government and the relations it governed.  [45]   The judges in the court had officials that would assist them, but then the British started mistrusting these officials who were either pandits or maulvis. Thus William Jones wanted a text which could help the judges decide cases and their dependence on these officials reduced. The book was a translation of Sanskrit commentaries on contracts, property and inheritance laws written by Jagannatha Tarkapanchanam who was the most respected jurist in India in the 18th century. This Digest was not to codify the laws but to compile all the usage so that administration would be easy and not an attempt to codify laws. The text was meant to supplement the decision taken by th

Dont Care High - Summary :: essays research papers

The novel Don’t Care High was written by Gordan Korman. This novel, as well as other novels he wrote were based partly on his experiences in high school, where he says, â€Å"the only way to get through high school alive was by laughing†. This novel relates to teenagers about high school and how their high school is different. Korman wrote his first novel at age 12, This Can’t Be Happening at McDonald Hall. Korman graduated from New York University’s Dramatic Writing Program. He now lives in New York City with his wife and children. This novel is based in various High Schools in New York City. One of the main characters Paul, just moved to New York from Saskatoon, Alberta. This novel takes place in the mid 1980’s. At this high school, Don Carey High, none of the students or teachers care about anything that goes on within the school. They have no team spirit at all, there are no teams or clubs because no one shows interest. Shelton Pryor was Paul’s best friend; he was more outgoing than Paul. He didn’t care what the consequences of his actions would he just wanted to have fun. Shelton was upset because of the facts that nobody cared about the school. He had the idea that if they got a student to run for president things would change.Paul Abrams is a conniving teenager who causes trouble when he is around his best friend Sheldon. Since he was the new kid, he acted shy and quiet until he made some friends. Paul met a teen named Sheldon, he was Paul’s first friend in New York and they shared similar interests. When he arrived at Don Carey High he felt weird because it was a dump and know cares about what happened to it. Paul knew right from wrong but Sheldon did not, so Paul got in trouble when he was around Sheldon. Paul’s nickname was â€Å"ambition† because he was the only one with ambition in his life. Mike Otis is a main character that is certainly not popular at Don Carey High. He is an unusual person who is shy and he keeps to himself. He always wears a big raincoat and safety pins in his jeans. Mike is a dweeb who minds his own business. Mike was also a paranoid person. For example, he gave the wrong address and phone number to the school so if something happened they could not contact him.